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Windows Server 2008 R2 : Install Internet Information Services (part 1) - Understand Internet Information Services Role Services

6/14/2011 3:56:38 PM
In this section, you will learn how to install Internet Information Services. You will see how to install IIS on a full Windows Server 2008 R2 installation and on a Windows Server 2008 R2 Server Core installation. You will also see how Windows Server 2008 R2 Web edition can be installed for the purpose of supporting an IIS server. Being able to install IIS on Windows Server 2008 R2 Server Core provides a new workload capability to Server Core. The ability to install IIS on Windows Server 2008 R2 Server Core is available because of the .NET application framework provided by Server Core. You will also get a brief overview of the various components IIS can provide to your environment.

1. Understand Internet Information Services Role Services

When you are installing IIS on your server, you will see a screen of role services you can choose to install, as shown in Figure 1. Understanding which components you will need to install will help you support your web server requirements in addition to any needed web applications. Prior to installing IIS, you need to talk with your web developers to make sure you are providing the proper level of support for their applications.

Figure 1. IIS role services

The role services are broken into three main categories:

  • Web Server: This category contains all the components for your websites from basic HTML websites to complex web applications. This is the main role of an IIS server and has several components and capabilities to provide you with the web infrastructure your environment will need.

  • Management Tools: This category provides you with the tools necessary to manage and administer your web servers. You will also be able to select management tools for previous versions of IIS, mainly IIS 6.0.

  • FTP Server: This category allows you to install and set up a basic FTP server for your infrastructure.

The Web Server role service is broken into five major sections. The first component is Common HTTP Features, which provides the web server with basic functionality. Primarily basic and static HTML pages are provided by these features, as described in Table 1.

Table 1. Common HTTP Features
HTTP FeatureDescription
Static ContentThis provides the support needed for HTML pages and graphics and provides the basic level of functionality for your IIS server. This feature is installed by default.
Default DocumentThis provides the web server with the ability to offer users of your website a default document when they reference your site without a specific file request. Essentially, the default document is the home page for your web server. This feature is installed by default.
Directory BrowsingThis allows your users, if they have the proper permissions, to browse the directory for the contents on your web server. This feature is installed by default.
HTTP ErrorsThis provides the customizable error messages that users of your website will see. For example, when you see an error message like "Error 403: Access Denied/Forbidden," this is the service that provides the error message. This feature is installed by default.
HTTP RedirectionThis provides you with the ability to redirect users of your websites to a different location. This is great to use when you want to send users to a different URL than what they typed in. This is useful when you want or need to rename or change your domain for your website.
WebDAV PublishingWeb Distributed Authoring and Versioning (WebDAV) provides the needed capability to allow files to be published via HTTP to your web server. This is commonly used by web applications. Outlook Web Access is an example of an application requiring WebDAV.

The second category is Application Development. This unlocks the true power of a web server by providing the web server with the necessary infrastructure to support web applications and in general extend the functionality of IIS. This component allows you to support the many different programming languages your developers can use to write web applications. It is vital that you understand how these components are installed and configured. However, you may be wondering which of the components, listed in Table 2, you need to install. This is an important question, and generally speaking, this is for your web developers to help you make the proper decision to support the applications they are programming. It is good to take some time and chat with the developers so you can install the proper components. By default, none of the Application Development components are installed.

Table 2. Application Development Components
ComponentDescription
ASP.NETASP.NET is an object-oriented programming environment. Installing this component will allow your web server to support sites built using managed code via the ASP.NET framework. If you install this component, you will also need to install ISAPI Filters, ISAPI Extensions, and .NET Extensibility to properly support this environment.
.NET ExtensibilityThis allows your developers to change, add, and extend your web servers. This component provides the necessary framework to support ASP.NET.
ASPActive Server Pages (ASP) is a scripting environment commonly used to build websites. ASP provides support for VBScript and JScript. This is primarily used for older application support, and your developers may be using ASP.NET for any new projects. Installing ASP will require that you install ISAPI Extensions.
CGICommon Gateway Interface (CGI) is another scripting-based language commonly used to create websites. Depending on the applications you need to support, you may need to install the support for CGI. PHP applications typically will require CGI to be installed on the IIS server. This component provides a key framework for interoperability for non-Microsoft-based applications.
ISAPI ExtensionsInternet Server Application Programming Interface (ISAPI) provides support for dynamic content that is written using ISAPI.
ISAPI FiltersThe ISAPI filters help determine how requests are processed by your web applications. The filters are files allowing you to change the functionality of IIS to support your web applications.
Server Side Includes (SSI)SSI is another scripting-based language allowing you to dynamically include common web clients on other web pages in your environment. For example, if you wanted to have a common menu appear on all the web pages on your site, your programmers could use SSI to provide the menu.

Health and Diagnostics provides the basic functionality to monitor and tune your IIS server. Table 3 describes the features.

Table 3. Health and Diagnostics
ComponentDescription
HTTP LoggingAs the name implies, with this you can track website activity on your IIS server. The type of events logged are typically when an HTTP transaction occurs (such as a web page request). This feature is installed by default.
Logging ToolsThis allows you to manage your logs, as well as provide the functionality to automate common logging procedures.
Request MonitorThis provides the ability for you to monitor the health of your web applications. This allows you to see when you have a process running slowly or not responding. This allows you to identify the process to help identify any issue. This feature is installed by default.
TracingThis is another tool allowing you to monitor your web applications, typically used for hard-to-find problems in your website, such as when your website times out or performs slowly because of poor performance.
Custom LoggingThis provides you with the ability to customize and create your own logging format. You can create or use your own logging components by installing this component.
ODBC LoggingThis provides logging for the Open Database Connectivity (ODBC) activity generated by your web server when it is connecting to an ODBC-compliant database. Most modern-day databases are ODBC compliant, which provides a framework for you to log web activity to those databases.

The next section, "Security," is vital in not only protecting your IIS servers but also protecting your applications and data. The "Security" section provides you with the ability to determine your level of secure authentication support in IIS. By protecting the authentication mechanisms, you can control how users will access your web server environment. You will also need to speak to your web developers to determine which authentication mechanisms are supported by the applications they are currently writing. You will need to find the right blend of secure authentication, performance, and application compatibility. IIS has the capability to have multiple authentications supported on the server. In Table 4, you can find a list of the different authentication mechanisms and descriptions.

Table 4. Security Components
ComponentDescription
Basic AuthenticationThis method is the weakest of the authentication methods; this method stores passwords in an easily decrypted format during transmission. If you need to use basic authentication, make sure you also use SSL. Basic authentication is used generally when you need to offer compatibility to a variety of web browsers.
Windows AuthenticationThis is a secure authentication mechanism, allowing you to leverage your existing Windows Active Directory domain environment for authenticating your users. You should use this solution for internal websites only, not for users who access your website from behind proxy servers or firewalls.
Digest AuthenticationThis provides a more secure authentication methodology over basic authentication. This method will also leverage your Windows Active Directory domain environment, by sending a secure password hash to the domain controllers. This method should be considered if you need your users to have access to your website if they are behind proxy servers or firewalls.
Client Certificate Mapping AuthenticationThis allows you to use client certificates to authenticate your Active Directory users, in a one-to-one mapping across multiple web servers.
IIS Client Certificate Mapping AuthenticationThis is a faster performance model than client certificate mapping but also uses client certificates to identify your users. This method can use either one-to-one or many-to-one mappings and is typically used in heterogeneous directory environments.
URL AuthorizationThis provides you with a security mechanism to prevent access to websites in your web servers. URL authorization gives you a tool to explicitly allow or deny access to a directory on your web server either by username or by role. You can use rules based on users, groups, or the header verbs of your HTTP pages.
Request FilteringThis method provides a layer of security at the web server to help prevent many common hacking attacks to your server. This helps filter attacks that may make odd requests or that may use long URLs to target your server. This method screens all inbound requests of your server. This provides you with a mechanism to help mitigate attacks on your server. This feature is installed by default.
IP and Domain RestrictionsThis allows you to allow or deny access to your web content, based on the IP address or domain name of the requestor. This provides an additional layer of security to your groups, your roles, or even your NTFS permissions.

The last section is Performance. There are two choices in this section: Static Content Compression and Dynamic Content Compression. Static Content Compression is installed by default and provides your server with the ability to improve bandwidth utilization. As the name implies, this is useful only for static content on your web server, and it has the additional benefit of not affecting the CPU performance on your server.

Dynamic Content Compression also allows you to improve the bandwidth utilization of dynamic content for your web server. However, this method will also potentially have a negative impact on your server's CPU performance. If your Windows Server 2008 R2 server is already heavily taxed for usage with your CPU, you should not install this component.

2. Install IIS on Windows Server 2008 R2 Full Server Installation

After you have determined which components you want to install for your version of IIS, you now have to install the IIS role with the required components. Like all the roles on Windows Server 2008 R2, you begin the process in Server Manager:

  1. To open Server Manager, select Start => Administrative Tools => Server Manager.

  2. In Server Manager, click Roles.

  3. Click Add Roles.

  4. Review the welcome screen, and click Next.

  5. On the Select Server Roles screen, select Web Server (IIS), as shown in Figure 2, and click Next.

  6. On the Server Role services screen, review the notes, and click Next.

  7. Select the necessary role services to support your web application platform, and click Next.

  8. Review the confirmation screen and your selections, and when you are ready, click Install.

  9. Review the summary screen, correct any error messages, and click Close.

Figure 2. Installing IIS

NOTE

If you accept just the default selections, you will have a basic web server. The web server will have basic static content and functionality. More than likely, you will want to add some development components to provide your developers with a platform to build applications to support your company's business internally and externally.

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