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SharePoint 2010 PerformancePoint Services : Time Intelligence (part 2) - STPS Syntax

3/25/2011 10:19:38 PM

STPS Syntax

The STPS syntax language is meant to be similar to the Excel Macro language. It enables you to select time members based on logical calendar patterns on business logic focused selection criteria such as last week or last quarter. In contrast, regular dimensions do not support the ability to select dimension members in this way.

Time members are always resolved to leaf members in the cube. For instance, if a month of time is selected and the cube has members stored in days, a collection of all days in that month will be returned. Likewise, if that cube stores data with hour granularity, all hours in that month will be returned instead.

Note

When dealing with non-English builds of PPS, it is important to note that the STPS language is not localized into different languages. For example, a Japanese installation of PPS still uses the English terms for members and functions.


Language Form

For those who are mathematically inclined, the formal declaration of the STPS syntax is as follows:

<TI_Expression> ::= <MemberExpression> , <TI_Expression> | <MemberExpression> :
<MemberExpression>


For the rest of us, this means that a TI expression is a combination of time members. Time members,  can consist of relative dates such as yesterday, relative date ranges such as last month, and functions such as quarter to date.

Time Members

Time members, which correspond to logical date units, are the core building blocks for the STPS syntax. Listed here are the levels of granularity available for users, which are referred to as members in the STPS syntax.

Caution

Members are available for use only if they have been configured in the data source. For example, if you configure an Analysis Services data source that only contains Year, Month, and Day levels, the Semester and Quarter members will result in errors if you attempt to use them.


  • Year

  • Semester

  • Quarter

  • Month

  • Week

  • Day

  • Hour

  • Minute

  • Second

Tip

Although granularity down to the minute and second is included, it does not have many practical applications. Given the default caching times of 10 minutes, and overall performance of PPS, it is probably a good idea to stay with hour or greater granularity when using time intelligence.


Operators

The colon and comma are two operators used with time intelligence. These operators can be used to combine various members and functions of the STPS syntax. Table 1 summarizes the STPS operators you can use.

Table 1. STPS Operators
OperatorUsage
Colon (:)The colon is used to indicate a range of dates. For example, the statement Day-1:Day-7 selects all the days between yesterday and a week ago inclusively.
Comma (,)The comma is used to combine two members. For example, the statement Day-1,Day-7 selects today and a week ago today as distinct dates.

Functions

Several functions are available for traversing members. All parent and child references are relative to the configuration of the data source. For example, if a week level is configured directly above the day level, the Day.Parent function returns the current week. If there is no week configured and the next configured level up is a month, it returns the current month. The same applies to child references. Table 2 summarizes these functions.

Table 2. STPS Functions
FunctionDescriptionExample ExpressionExample Result
ParentThe parent of the specified member.Day.ParentWeek
FirstChildThe first child of the specified member.Month.FirstChildFirst day of month
LastChildThe last child of the specified member.Month.LastChildLast day of month
First<Member>Returns the first child member of the parent time period. Any member must be below the referenced member; otherwise, the expression will not be valid. For example, Week.FirstYear will return an error.(Year-1).FirstWeekFirst week of the previous year
Last<Member>Returns the last child member of the parent time period. Any member must be below the referenced member; otherwise, the expression will not be valid. For example, Week.FirstYear returns an error.(Month-1).LastDayThe last day of last month
<Member>ToDateReturns the range of dates between the beginning of the current period and now. Note that this function only supports members down to the Day level. This means that HourToDate, MinuteToDate, and SecondToDate are not valid expressions.QuarterToDateAll days up until the current quarter
Full<Member>Returns the last full period as specified by the member.

Full is determined by calendar days, not by data in the data source. For example, FullMonthmonth-1). However, in some cases it returns the previous parent periods last month. normally returns last month (

This function is primarily included to handle boundary cases around the beginning of periods when used in conjunction with the <Member>ToDateYearToDate.Month-1 is correct in all months except for January, in which case it returns an error because there are no months ahead of January in the current Year. functions. For example,

YearToDate.FullMonth.
YearToDate.FullQuarterThe last full quarter for the current year

Caution

Be careful of the FirstChild and LastChild functions. They work just fine until the data source definition changes to add in new levels. For a more robust implementation, stay with expressions that use members rather than the parent/child relationship where possible.


Note

The Full<Member> and <Member>ToDate functions are new with PPS 2010. All the other functions come from PPS 2007.

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