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Microsoft Sharepoint 2013 : Understanding app patterns (part 4) - Building MVC apps - Understanding web form challenges

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1/25/2015 2:58:59 AM

Building MVC apps

The MVC pattern has many of the same goals as the MVVM pattern. The MVC pattern looks to support code reuse, maintenance, and testing. The pattern also consists of three different components that are similar to the ones found in the MVVM pattern. The Model component is defined as the entities on the SharePoint server, such as lists, libraries, and service applications. The View component is defined as the webpages that make up the app user interface. The Controller binds the Model and the View together. The big difference between the MVVM pattern and the MVC pattern is that the MVVM pattern assumes that the data in the ViewModel will persist across create, read, update, and delete (CRUD) operations. The MVC pattern, on the other hand is stateless. Because of the differences in how state is managed, the MVC pattern lends itself to the development of SharePoint apps by using C# and CSOM. Figure 2 shows a simple block diagram of the MVC pattern.

You use the MVC pattern to isolate logic, data, and display functionality.
Figure 2. You use the MVC pattern to isolate logic, data, and display functionality.

Understanding web form challenges

When developers think of creating SharePoint apps with C# and CSOM, they might immediately think of using ASP.NET to create a remote web. In fact, this is the default template used in Microsoft Visual Studio for provider-hosted and autohosted apps. This approach involves the development of a set of Active Server Pages (ASPX) that contain web forms, server controls, and associated C# code. The advantage of the web forms pattern is that it is stable, mature, and well understood by web developers. However, the web forms pattern has some limitations that negatively impact code reuse, maintenance, and testing. Example 4-9 presents a web forms app that loads data from a contacts list in the host web and displays it in a grid.

Example 9. Using web forms in an app
protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
var contextToken = TokenHelper.GetContextTokenFromRequest(Page.Request);
var hostWeb = Page.Request["SPHostWebUrl"];

using (var clientContext = TokenHelper.GetClientContextWithContextToken(
hostWeb, contextToken, Request.Url.Authority))
{
clientContext.Load(clientContext.Web);
List list = clientContext.Web.Lists.GetByTitle("Contacts");
clientContext.Load(list);

StringBuilder caml = new StringBuilder();
caml.Append("<View><Query><OrderBy/></Query>");
caml.Append("<ViewFields><FieldRef Name='ID'/>
<FieldRef Name='FirstName'/>");
caml.Append("<FieldRef Name='Title'/><FieldRef Name='WorkPhone'/>
</ViewFields>");
caml.Append("<RowLimit>100</RowLimit></View>");

CamlQuery query = new CamlQuery();
query.ViewXml = caml.ToString();
Microsoft.SharePoint.Client.ListItemCollection
listItems = list.GetItems(query);
clientContext.Load(listItems);
clientContext.ExecuteQuery();

List<Contact> contacts = new List<Contact>();

foreach (Microsoft.SharePoint.Client.ListItem listItem in listItems)
{
Contact contact = new Contact()
{
Id = listItem["ID"].ToString(),
LastName = listItem["Title"].ToString(),
FirstName = listItem["FirstName"].ToString(),
WorkPhone = listItem["WorkPhone"].ToString()
};
contacts.Add(contact);
}
contactsGrid.DataSource = contacts;
contactsGrid.DataBind();
}
}

Example 9 is a classic example of querying a data source and binding a grid when an ASPX page loads. Even though this code works fine, you can see that the code and the user interface are tightly bound. First, the code is placed directly in the load event of the page. Second, the grid displaying the data is directly referenced in the code. Experienced ASP.NET developers will immediately object that such problems can be fixed in the web forms pattern by separating the code into layers and utilizing data binding. Although these points are certainly valid, years of experience has taught us that web forms apps are typically constructed with tight bindings between the various layers. Furthermore, there is no universally accepted framework for web forms that supports the kind of separation envisioned in the MVC pattern.

Web forms were initially envisioned to support a rapid application development approach by which the developer is abstracted away from the request-response details of HTTP and HTML. Web forms are designed to simulate a stateful environment even though HTTP is stateless. Server controls are intended to abstract away the details of HTML so that developers can use a visual designer to create web forms. To produce the illusion of a stateful environment, ASP.NET stores the last state of a web form—called the viewstate—in a hidden field between postbacks. For complex systems, this can be a serious issue as the viewstate becomes larger. Abstracting away the HTML also limits the ability of the developer to support various browser types and incorporate JavaScript libraries such as Knockout and jQuery. Even though these limitations can be addressed in various ways, many developers are realizing that the web forms pattern is not well suited to developing cloud-based apps that must support millions of users and many types of browsers.

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